Cov cuab yeej yog qhov tseem ceeb "cov cuab yeej" rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Wang Daheng ib zaug tau sau tseg tias, "Lub tshuab yog cov cuab yeej hloov pauv lub ntiaj teb, thaum cov twj paj nruag yog cov cuab yeej los nkag siab nws." Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ua "force multipliers" hauv kev tsim khoom, "vanguards" hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, qhov chaw ntawm "kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua" hauv cov tub rog, thiab "cov khoom siv arbiters" hauv cov haujlwm niaj hnub no. Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias cov cuab yeej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, thiab kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau niaj hnub no.
1. Cov cuab yeej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb lav rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Txhua qhov kev dhia loj hauv tib neeg keeb kwm tau raug tsav los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov cuab yeej; kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb-raws li ib hom cuab yeej tshwj xeeb- feem ntau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev nthuav dav kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
2. Cov cuab yeej yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv teb chaws. Lawv tsim lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws. Qhov tseem ceeb, tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Qian Xuesen tau taw qhia: "Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis yog tus yuam sij rau kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis tshiab. Nws suav nrog peb yam: ntsuas tshuab, tshuab computer technology, thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis-nrog ntsuas thev naus laus zis ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb."
3. Cov cuab yeej yog lub zog muaj zog hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb xws li kev siv peev txheej thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv hauv zej zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teeb meem xws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov thiab xwm txheej ceev rau pej xeem mus rau kev kuaj kab mob thiab kev tswj cov nplaim taws, tawg, lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej; Kev daws cov teeb meem loj no vam khom ntau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem.
4. Digitalization thiab txawj ntse
5. Kev nce qib hauv microelectronics tau ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas nrog microprocessor thiab PC thev naus laus zis, txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv qib digitalization thiab kev txawj ntse. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog "DSPS" lub tswv yim qhia los ntawm Texas Instruments: los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm DSP chips thiab kev sib koom ua ke pem hauv ntej-kawg sib xyaw-cim hluav taws xob, ASICs, cov khoom siv, thiab cov cuab yeej tsim kho, lub tuam txhab muab kev qhia dav dav - theem kev daws teeb meem. Cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no suav nrog ntau yam kev txiav-txoj kev thev naus laus zis thiab txheej txheem- xws li VLSI (Hloov Loj-Scale Integration), SMT (Surface Mount Technology), multilayer printed circuit boards, WSI (Wafer-}Scale Integration), thiab MCMs{0} Modules)-nrog lub computer- pab cov cuab yeej xws li CAD, CAM, CAPP, thiab CAT. Cov kev nce qib no tau ua kom yooj yim rau kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau yam xws li kev siv xov xwm ntau, tib neeg - tshuab kev sib cuam tshuam, kev tswj fuzzy, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo hauv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no.
6. Network-raws li kev koom ua ke
7. Ntau yam cuab yeej txawj ntse tau raug qhia rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab thaj chaw tau hloov pauv mus rau kev txawj ntse. Cov tshuab ntsuas kev sib xyaw ua ke kuj tau dhau los ua network-raws li, nrog rau cov cuab yeej sib txuas ntawm GPIB lossis VXI tsheb npav.
8. Miniaturization
9. MEMS cov khoom lag luam-xws li automotive accelerometers, siab / tshuaj / ntws sensors, thiab microspectrometers- tau dav siv hauv kev lag luam xws li kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig, aerospace, biomedicine, kev lag luam tsheb, tub rog, thiab kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
